Mixture of Experts

Why aggregate throughput — not single-request latency — is where distributed GPUs win when scaling MoE inference.

It depends on what you want to optimize — but for the case we care about, MoE + TibiOS, the answer is: to scale MoE inference, aggregate throughput usually matters more than network latency, as long as the network has enough bandwidth. There are two different things to separate.

1. Network latency affects a single request. Each token may need to travel Router → Network → Expert → Network → Next layer. Every added network hop increases end-to-end latency. This matters most for interactive chat, agents and tool calling, small-batch requests, and anything sensitive to TTFT/TPOT.

2. Aggregate throughput affects how many requests or tokens you can process. With many GPUs, each hosting a different subset of experts, a huge number of expert operations can run in parallel — and that is exactly where TibiOS's advantage shows up.

TibiOS MoE: distributed VRAM vs a single large GPU, expert parallelism architecture and comparison table
TibiOS MoE — distributed VRAM, scalable compute: one large GPU vs. many small ones with expert parallelism.

A simple example: a single 128 GB GPU can serve one request in ~100 ms — about 10 requests/second. With TibiOS on 16 × 8 GB GPUs, if the network adds 10 ms of overhead, a single request takes ~110 ms — individually slower. But with all 16 GPUs working in parallel, aggregate capacity could hypothetically reach ~80–120 requests/second, depending on the model, routing, batch size, and network. That capacity depends on a critical condition: the network. 16 GPUs over 1 GbE and the network becomes the bottleneck; 10/25 GbE already changes things significantly; 40/100 GbE or InfiniBand/RDMA makes the cost of all-to-all communication far less dominant.

TibiOS MoE: individual latency vs aggregate throughput, full breakdown of metrics, network flow, comparative example and scalability
TibiOS MoE — individual latency vs. aggregate throughput.

For TibiOS, individual latency depends on network + compute; aggregate throughput depends on GPU count + bandwidth + routing + network — and that second one is where the real opportunity lies. A distributed architecture of 8 GB GPUs will probably never beat a single 128 GB GPU on individual latency. What it can do is deliver far more aggregate compute per dollar, and let the system grow from 8 → 16 → 32 → 64 → 128 GPUs without ever changing the model architecture. That is the story: not "latency vs. throughput," but individual latency vs. the capacity and throughput of the whole cluster.

Data Privacy & Sovereignty

A common objection to local AI: on a single machine, sensitive chat data never leaves it — but TibiOS distributes the model across many GPUs, so where does that data end up? The key distinction is that distributing the model does not mean distributing or persisting the user's data. Tokens travel between TibiOS nodes only in RAM/VRAM during inference and are released immediately after use; by default there is zero persistence — no logs, no database, no cloud backup.

This works because TibiOS separates Control Plane (routing, orchestration) from Data Plane (the actual tokens/weights), and offers two distinct deployment models: TibiOS Private Cluster, where every GPU node sits inside infrastructure the user owns and controls, and TibiOS Distributed Community, an optional shared-compute network across independent, third-party nodes. Sensitive data should stay on a Private Cluster; the Community network is for workloads that don't require that guarantee.

The design principle: "Compute can be distributed. Data sovereignty does not have to be." A stricter mode is also on the roadmap — tibios --privacy=strict — enforcing no cloud inference, no conversation persistence, no prompt logging, no telemetry with user data, and encrypted node-to-node traffic. That is a stronger claim than plain "local AI": TibiOS can distribute the model across many GPUs without distributing ownership of the user's data.

TibiOS: distributed compute, private by design — where data exists, inference flow, privacy mode, private cluster vs cloud AI, and the two TibiOS deployment models
TibiOS — distributed compute, private by design: data sovereignty stays with the user even when compute is distributed.

Hardware Trust: Jetson Orin vs. Confidential Computing GPUs

Not every GPU offers the same hardware trust guarantees, and this matters for where TibiOS can run untrusted nodes. NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin ships real hardware security — a Hardware Root of Trust, Secure Boot, an OP-TEE Trusted Execution Environment (ARM TrustZone), secure storage, AES-XTS 128-bit DRAM encryption, and crypto acceleration. That is a solid foundation for trusted edge/private nodes, but it is not the same model as NVIDIA's Confidential Computing.

NVIDIA's H100/H200/B200 GPUs add a specific Confidential Computing solution: they can run alongside a Confidential VM, protect the workload from the infrastructure operator itself, support attestation, and protect data crossing PCIe — including documented Confidential Containers support across H100, H200, B200 and select multi-GPU configurations. That is the difference that matters for TibiOS: Orin proves the node is secure-booted and its memory is encrypted, but H100/H200/B200-class Confidential Computing can prove a workload is protected even from the operator of hardware TibiOS does not own.

This maps cleanly onto TibiOS's two deployment models: Orin for private/edge nodes — the machines are ours, so full Confidential Computing isn't required — and H100/H200/B200 for confidential nodes on infrastructure TibiOS does not fully control, where the operator provides GPU, power and connectivity, and Confidential Computing is what prevents them from accessing the workload's contents. The honest framing: Orin provides hardware-backed security and encrypted memory for trusted edge deployments; Hopper/Blackwell GPUs add full NVIDIA Confidential Computing for higher-assurance, multi-tenant, untrusted-node deployments.